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It is important that drinking water be clear, tasteless, odorless, and colorless. Several factors influence water quality, including the color, taste, and odor of water, as well as the presence of bacteria or other microbes, the levels of minerals, and other chemical and physical factors. Such daily water-intake records can be used as an early warning of problems in the flock. The installation and use of water meters in each house or barn is recommended to monitor the flock’s water intake on a daily basis. As a general rule, healthy adult birds will consume twice as much water as feed, although the ratio increases during periods of warm weather. Water and feed consumption are directly related-when birds drink less water, they consume less feed, and production quickly declines accordingly.
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Do not exceed manufacturers suggested concentrations.Using a commercial disinfectant as a final step in your cleaning protocol will ensure that all remaining pathogenic microorganisms are eliminated.Take extra caution to ensure that the waterlines are well vented when using peroxide.Peroxide treatment in between flocks will penetrate and loosen the biofilm.They cannot penetrate beyond the surface of the biofilm.These routine sanitizers do not work well against biofilms that are already established.Routine sanitizers such as low level chlorine, low level peroxide or chlorine dioxide do an excellent job of keeping clean water sanitary.Once they disperse they can attach to rough surfaces or onto other existing biofilms.As the biofilms grow they begin to disperse.Routine sanitizers will only eliminate the bacteria on the surface of the biofilm.Biofilms grow exponentially and as they grow they create a thick layer of film which cannot be penetrated by routine sanitizers.Mineral deposits create a rough surface for water born bacteria to attach to.Chemical water profile has a large impact on the micro profile of the water.Poultry infections due to bacteria from the waterlines are usually secondary to other conditions (leaky gut).
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If conducting a free flow test ensure the correct sample bottle is used and maintain a sterile technique.Can be obtained via a swab or free flow test.All living components that are found in the water sample.Water softeners or reverse osmosis systems will both “soften” the water.Recommend acidifying hard water to avoid mineral scale buildup.Mineral scale buildup can cause leaky nipples and create a rough surface for biofilms to attach to.Hard water is associated with mineral scale build up (calcium + magnesium).Acidic or neutral detergents work best in extremely hard water.Hard water will interfere with the effectiveness of soaps, disinfectants and some medications delivered via the water.Generally not a concern for poultry until levels approach 1500ppm.Related to TDS but does NOT include sodium.Divalent cations: calcium, magnesium, manganese and iron.A measurement of the divalent cations dissolved in the water.Will significantly lower overall TDS content.Uses high pressure and fine membranes to filter out the minerals.Good for removing all minerals associated with TDS.Need to closely monitor sodium levels in drinking water if using water softener.Total TDS content does NOT change as sodium simply replaces the minerals that have been removed.
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Exchange sodium for other dissolved minerals.Good for removing magnesium, calcium and some iron.pH > 7 is considered alkaline, pH 5000ppm Unsatisfactory.A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the water.Can change over time, routine monitoring is recommended.The chemical make-up of the water based on chemical and mineral content.Nutrition via the feed can be adjusted easily to better suit the nutrition found in the water.Depending on age, a birds body can contain between 60-85% water.Commercial birds drink more now than they did 10-20 years ago.Water intake for commercial poultry breeds is 1.5-2x greater than feed intake.